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Terrorism
Though there is no generally agreed upon definition of “terrorism”, much can be said about what the term has denoted historically and what it has come to mean by the beginning of the twenty‑first century. Its significance for international relations and diplomacy in the contemporary world is beyond dispute. Events of the 1990s and early 2000s have shown terrorism to be one of the major problems confronting the global system in a period of deep and far-reaching transformation.
Terrorism is a form of political violence. It is, more specifically, violence directed against civilians for political purposes. Some authorities — including the United States government — define it as political violence against civilians committed by non-state actors. Others insist that political violence against civilians by states must also be considered a form of terrorism. In this case, the aerial bombardment of cities, most notably in World War II, may be seen as a form of state terrorism.
Historically, the use of “terrorism” dates back to the age of French Revolution. During the Reign of Terror (1793–1794), “terrorism” was employed in an attempt to eliminate “traitors” to the Revolution. The leaders of Reign of Terror thus saw “terrorism” as a way of defending the Revolution’s values of liberty, equality and brotherhood, but the term quickly became associated with the guillotine and state repression. Rather than an instrument for defending liberty, terrorism was the means by which the revolutionary government kept people subservient by keeping them in fear. Many of the most brutal regimes of the twentieth century employed terrorism in a similar manner, including Nazi German, the Soviet Union under Stalin, Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, and Iraq under Saddam Hussein.
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New Ford is packed with intelligent features
Ford’s new Mondeo will be its first car to offer a new pedestrian detection technology that could help reduce the severity of accidents or help drivers avoid them altogether. The new Pre-Collision Assist with Pedestrian Detection system can identify people in the road ahead, or that could cross the vehicle’s path, and automatically apply the brakes if the driver does not respond to warnings. The system processes information collected from a windshield-mounted camera, and radar located in the bumper, and checks it against a database of ‘pedestrian shapes’ to distinguish people from typical roadside scenery and objects.
Engineers tested the system on closed circuits using life-size dummies. They also spent months testing and refining the system on roads around the world to prove system reliability under real-world conditions. “The real-world testing was crucial. Pedestrians come in all shapes and sizes, and adopt an infinite number of postures,” said Gregor Allexi, active safety engineer for Ford of Europe. “We covered more than 500,000 km (310,700 miles) to make sure that we tested Pedestrian Detection against the widest range of people and situations possible”.