ترجمۀ سیاسی – متن ۷

ترجمۀ سیاسی – متن ۷

یکشنبه،  ۵ اردیبهشت ۹۵

Fascism

Historically, fascism is mainly a European phenomenon that emerged between the two world wars. Its most successful manifestations occurred in Italy, where Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party held power from 1922 until 1943, and in Germany, where Adolph Hitler and the Nazi Party ruled between 1933 and 1945. Fascist movements also existed in other European countries during the inter‑war period, including France, Hungary, and Romania, but they did not acquire the extraordinary grip on power achieved by their Italian and German counterparts. Fascist‑like movements and groups have also emerged in other parts of the globe up to the present day. The American Nazi Party, neo-Nazi skinheads in Europe, and white-supremacist Afrikaner groups in South Africa are some examples of quasi-fascist or neo­-fascist organizations in the contemporary era.

Reduced to its basic elements, fascist ideology consists of the following four points: hypernationalism, racism, totalitarianism, and mass mobilization through propaganda and coercion.

Hypernationalism is an extreme version of nationalism which forms the root of fascism. Nationalism is the notion that the members of one’s nation must act together to achieve certain collective goals. In its fascist variant, the concept of nation is exalted to the rank of a supreme political value. For the fascists, the concept of nationalism is far more intense than patriotism, which means love of one’s country. National glory and self‑assertion assume the highest priority on the political agenda of most fascist movements. Mussolini was determined to establish an Italian empire through the conquest of Ethiopia in 1936 and other territorial acquisitions during World War II.